Turns of the Treadwheel: From Ancient Cranes to Prison Labor & Exercise Devices - 99% Invisible
Turns of the Treadwheel: From Ancient Cranes to Prison Labor & …
2020年3月2日
99percentinvisible.org
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Sir William Cubitt introduced his 'treadwheel' in 1818, believing idle hands led to moral ruin and that hard labor was the cure. While initially pitched as a way to productively grind grain or pump water, the reality in many prisons was starkly different. The devices were often disconnected from any useful mechanism, becoming instruments of pure, exhausting punishment. Prisoners were forced to climb the equivalent of thousands of vertical feet in grueling shifts, a practice that spread to other
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